Syllabus for
BSc (Biotechnology, Chemistry/Honours/Honours with Research)
Academic Year  (2024)

Mushroom cultivation offers the students theoretical and practical knowledge on mushroom farming.  Course provides the necessary skill sets for the students to identify the mushrooms at species level and will enable the students to differentiate poisonous and edible mushrooms. Prospects and the scope of mushroom cultivation will be detailed in the course. The course introduces methods of growing edible mushrooms, including culture maintenance, basic mushroom substrate selection process. Course also covers an important aspect of pest management and disease control strategy.

Introduction - Present scenario and prospects for Mushroom Cultivation; Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Brief description of Poisonous mushrooms; Types of edible mushrooms available in India - Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Agaricus bisporus; mushroom growing room and environmental growing systems, sterile techniques, an overview of techniques for mushroom cultivation, strain selection and improvement

Introduction - Present scenario and prospects for Mushroom Cultivation; Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Brief description of Poisonous mushrooms; Types of edible mushrooms available in India - Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Agaricus bisporus; mushroom growing room and environmental growing systems, sterile techniques, an overview of techniques for mushroom cultivation, strain selection and improvement

Introduction - Present scenario and prospects for Mushroom Cultivation; Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Brief description of Poisonous mushrooms; Types of edible mushrooms available in India - Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Agaricus bisporus; mushroom growing room and environmental growing systems, sterile techniques, an overview of techniques for mushroom cultivation, strain selection and improvement

Introduction - Present scenario and prospects for Mushroom Cultivation; Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Brief description of Poisonous mushrooms; Types of edible mushrooms available in India - Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Agaricus bisporus; mushroom growing room and environmental growing systems, sterile techniques, an overview of techniques for mushroom cultivation, strain selection and improvement

Introduction - Present scenario and prospects for Mushroom Cultivation; Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Brief description of Poisonous mushrooms; Types of edible mushrooms available in India - Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Agaricus bisporus; mushroom growing room and environmental growing systems, sterile techniques, an overview of techniques for mushroom cultivation, strain selection and improvement

Cultivation Technology of mushrooms: Infrastructure, substrates (locally available), Polythene bag, vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low-cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit (Thatched house), water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn, multiplication. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation- Low-cost technology, composting technology in mushroom production -Role of composting in Mushroom cultivation, Appropriate materials to prepare different types of compost, Methods of composting – preparation and pasteurization, Determination of quality of compost, Hazards & risks associated with composting.

Cultivation Technology of mushrooms: Infrastructure, substrates (locally available), Polythene bag, vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low-cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit (Thatched house), water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn, multiplication. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation- Low-cost technology, composting technology in mushroom production -Role of composting in Mushroom cultivation, Appropriate materials to prepare different types of compost, Methods of composting – preparation and pasteurization, Determination of quality of compost, Hazards & risks associated with composting.

Cultivation Technology of mushrooms: Infrastructure, substrates (locally available), Polythene bag, vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low-cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit (Thatched house), water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn, multiplication. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation- Low-cost technology, composting technology in mushroom production -Role of composting in Mushroom cultivation, Appropriate materials to prepare different types of compost, Methods of composting – preparation and pasteurization, Determination of quality of compost, Hazards & risks associated with composting.

Cultivation Technology of mushrooms: Infrastructure, substrates (locally available), Polythene bag, vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low-cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit (Thatched house), water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn, multiplication. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation- Low-cost technology, composting technology in mushroom production -Role of composting in Mushroom cultivation, Appropriate materials to prepare different types of compost, Methods of composting – preparation and pasteurization, Determination of quality of compost, Hazards & risks associated with composting.

Cultivation Technology of mushrooms: Infrastructure, substrates (locally available), Polythene bag, vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low-cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit (Thatched house), water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium, sterilization, preparation of spawn, multiplication. Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation- Low-cost technology, composting technology in mushroom production -Role of composting in Mushroom cultivation, Appropriate materials to prepare different types of compost, Methods of composting – preparation and pasteurization, Determination of quality of compost, Hazards & risks associated with composting.

Disease control and pest Management: diseases of mushrooms, inspection of Mushroom bags or beds for early detection of pests and diseases, sterilized casing to control nematodes, Spraying fungicide after casing to check dry bubbles, Spraying insecticide for control of mites, Use of caustic chemicals to keep rodents away

Disease control and pest Management: diseases of mushrooms, inspection of Mushroom bags or beds for early detection of pests and diseases, sterilized casing to control nematodes, Spraying fungicide after casing to check dry bubbles, Spraying insecticide for control of mites, Use of caustic chemicals to keep rodents away

Disease control and pest Management: diseases of mushrooms, inspection of Mushroom bags or beds for early detection of pests and diseases, sterilized casing to control nematodes, Spraying fungicide after casing to check dry bubbles, Spraying insecticide for control of mites, Use of caustic chemicals to keep rodents away

Disease control and pest Management: diseases of mushrooms, inspection of Mushroom bags or beds for early detection of pests and diseases, sterilized casing to control nematodes, Spraying fungicide after casing to check dry bubbles, Spraying insecticide for control of mites, Use of caustic chemicals to keep rodents away

Disease control and pest Management: diseases of mushrooms, inspection of Mushroom bags or beds for early detection of pests and diseases, sterilized casing to control nematodes, Spraying fungicide after casing to check dry bubbles, Spraying insecticide for control of mites, Use of caustic chemicals to keep rodents away

Short-term storage (Refrigeration – up to 24 hours), Long-term Storage (canning, pickles, papads), drying, and storage in salt solutions, preservation of mushrooms. Nutrition - Proteins - amino acids, mineral elements nutrition - Carbohydrates, Crude fibre content - Vitamins.

Short-term storage (Refrigeration – up to 24 hours), Long-term Storage (canning, pickles, papads), drying, and storage in salt solutions, preservation of mushrooms. Nutrition - Proteins - amino acids, mineral elements nutrition - Carbohydrates, Crude fibre content - Vitamins.

Short-term storage (Refrigeration – up to 24 hours), Long-term Storage (canning, pickles, papads), drying, and storage in salt solutions, preservation of mushrooms. Nutrition - Proteins - amino acids, mineral elements nutrition - Carbohydrates, Crude fibre content - Vitamins.

Short-term storage (Refrigeration – up to 24 hours), Long-term Storage (canning, pickles, papads), drying, and storage in salt solutions, preservation of mushrooms. Nutrition - Proteins - amino acids, mineral elements nutrition - Carbohydrates, Crude fibre content - Vitamins.

Short-term storage (Refrigeration – up to 24 hours), Long-term Storage (canning, pickles, papads), drying, and storage in salt solutions, preservation of mushrooms. Nutrition - Proteins - amino acids, mineral elements nutrition - Carbohydrates, Crude fibre content - Vitamins.

Packaging, storing and grading of Mushroom & post-harvest procedures: Sorting the Mushrooms on size and quality, Packaging Mushrooms with labels containing the month and year of harvesting, quantity and type of Mushroom etc, Management of spent substrates and waste disposal of various mushrooms.Use of spent Mushrooms in vermi-composting and organic farming, Preparation of value-added products of Mushroom

Packaging, storing and grading of Mushroom & post-harvest procedures: Sorting the Mushrooms on size and quality, Packaging Mushrooms with labels containing the month and year of harvesting, quantity and type of Mushroom etc, Management of spent substrates and waste disposal of various mushrooms.Use of spent Mushrooms in vermi-composting and organic farming, Preparation of value-added products of Mushroom

Packaging, storing and grading of Mushroom & post-harvest procedures: Sorting the Mushrooms on size and quality, Packaging Mushrooms with labels containing the month and year of harvesting, quantity and type of Mushroom etc, Management of spent substrates and waste disposal of various mushrooms.Use of spent Mushrooms in vermi-composting and organic farming, Preparation of value-added products of Mushroom

Packaging, storing and grading of Mushroom & post-harvest procedures: Sorting the Mushrooms on size and quality, Packaging Mushrooms with labels containing the month and year of harvesting, quantity and type of Mushroom etc, Management of spent substrates and waste disposal of various mushrooms.Use of spent Mushrooms in vermi-composting and organic farming, Preparation of value-added products of Mushroom

Packaging, storing and grading of Mushroom & post-harvest procedures: Sorting the Mushrooms on size and quality, Packaging Mushrooms with labels containing the month and year of harvesting, quantity and type of Mushroom etc, Management of spent substrates and waste disposal of various mushrooms.Use of spent Mushrooms in vermi-composting and organic farming, Preparation of value-added products of Mushroom

Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from the mushroom. Research Centres - National level and Regional level. Cost-benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value.

Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from the mushroom. Research Centres - National level and Regional level. Cost-benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value.

Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from the mushroom. Research Centres - National level and Regional level. Cost-benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value.

Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from the mushroom. Research Centres - National level and Regional level. Cost-benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value.

Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from the mushroom. Research Centres - National level and Regional level. Cost-benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value.

Field Visit & Interaction with Mushroom cultivators and other Support Agencies

Field Visit & Interaction with Mushroom cultivators and other Support Agencies

Field Visit & Interaction with Mushroom cultivators and other Support Agencies

Field Visit & Interaction with Mushroom cultivators and other Support Agencies

Field Visit & Interaction with Mushroom cultivators and other Support Agencies

2. Tewan and Pankaj Kapoor S.C. 1993. Mushroom cultivation. Mittal Publication. Delhi.

3. Marimuth et al., 1991. Oyster Mushrooms. Dept. of Plant pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore.

 4. Shu Fing Chang, Philip G. Miles and Chang, S.T. 2004. Mushrooms Cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal effect and environmental impact. 2nd ed., CRC press.

 2.      Kumar, N., 1997, Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publications, Nagercoil.

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

This course covers the basic science and technology of algae cultivation. It provides students with the skills required to work in the algae cultivation (algaculture) industry or create their own algal culture business. Students will learn the controlled environment requirements for successfully cultivating various algae species. The program emphasizes training in algal cultivation technologies, including algal culture extension training. Knowledge acquired will prepare students for jobs as Greenhouse/Agricultural Workers, Plant Technicians, Plant Managers, Laboratory Technicians, Sales Managers, Public Relations and Outreach, Extension Service and/or Business Owners/Managers

Algal taxonomy and classification, Algal life cycle and growth requirements, Algal biochemistry and metabolism, Algal ecology and distribution.

Algal taxonomy and classification, Algal life cycle and growth requirements, Algal biochemistry and metabolism, Algal ecology and distribution.

Algal taxonomy and classification, Algal life cycle and growth requirements, Algal biochemistry and metabolism, Algal ecology and distribution.

Algal taxonomy and classification, Algal life cycle and growth requirements, Algal biochemistry and metabolism, Algal ecology and distribution.

Algal taxonomy and classification, Algal life cycle and growth requirements, Algal biochemistry and metabolism, Algal ecology and distribution.

Lab scale culture, Photo-bioreactors: types and optimization, Open systems: Ponds, Organic Spirulina cultivation, Strategies to increase biomass in algal culture systems.

Lab scale culture, Photo-bioreactors: types and optimization, Open systems: Ponds, Organic Spirulina cultivation, Strategies to increase biomass in algal culture systems.

Lab scale culture, Photo-bioreactors: types and optimization, Open systems: Ponds, Organic Spirulina cultivation, Strategies to increase biomass in algal culture systems.

Lab scale culture, Photo-bioreactors: types and optimization, Open systems: Ponds, Organic Spirulina cultivation, Strategies to increase biomass in algal culture systems.

Lab scale culture, Photo-bioreactors: types and optimization, Open systems: Ponds, Organic Spirulina cultivation, Strategies to increase biomass in algal culture systems.

Life history of major commercially important seaweed species of India (Including Kappaphycus, Sargassum, Ulva, Porphyra), Nursery rearing of Zoids of seaweed species, Commercial mariculture methods of seaweeds, Floating raft method, semi-floating raft method, off-bottom method and bottom planting method, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture.

Life history of major commercially important seaweed species of India (Including Kappaphycus, Sargassum, Ulva, Porphyra), Nursery rearing of Zoids of seaweed species, Commercial mariculture methods of seaweeds, Floating raft method, semi-floating raft method, off-bottom method and bottom planting method, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture.

Life history of major commercially important seaweed species of India (Including Kappaphycus, Sargassum, Ulva, Porphyra), Nursery rearing of Zoids of seaweed species, Commercial mariculture methods of seaweeds, Floating raft method, semi-floating raft method, off-bottom method and bottom planting method, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture.

Life history of major commercially important seaweed species of India (Including Kappaphycus, Sargassum, Ulva, Porphyra), Nursery rearing of Zoids of seaweed species, Commercial mariculture methods of seaweeds, Floating raft method, semi-floating raft method, off-bottom method and bottom planting method, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture.

Life history of major commercially important seaweed species of India (Including Kappaphycus, Sargassum, Ulva, Porphyra), Nursery rearing of Zoids of seaweed species, Commercial mariculture methods of seaweeds, Floating raft method, semi-floating raft method, off-bottom method and bottom planting method, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture.

Major algal species for biofuel research, advantageous for using algae for biofuel production in comparison with terrestrial plants like Jatropha, strategies to increase the oil content of algae, downstream processing for the biofuel production.

Major algal species for biofuel research, advantageous for using algae for biofuel production in comparison with terrestrial plants like Jatropha, strategies to increase the oil content of algae, downstream processing for the biofuel production.

Major algal species for biofuel research, advantageous for using algae for biofuel production in comparison with terrestrial plants like Jatropha, strategies to increase the oil content of algae, downstream processing for the biofuel production.

Major algal species for biofuel research, advantageous for using algae for biofuel production in comparison with terrestrial plants like Jatropha, strategies to increase the oil content of algae, downstream processing for the biofuel production.

Major algal species for biofuel research, advantageous for using algae for biofuel production in comparison with terrestrial plants like Jatropha, strategies to increase the oil content of algae, downstream processing for the biofuel production.

Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), CCS as mitigation for climate change, CCS through algae, strategies to increase carbon sequestration levels, Major algal species as candidates for CCS.

Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), CCS as mitigation for climate change, CCS through algae, strategies to increase carbon sequestration levels, Major algal species as candidates for CCS.

Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), CCS as mitigation for climate change, CCS through algae, strategies to increase carbon sequestration levels, Major algal species as candidates for CCS.

Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), CCS as mitigation for climate change, CCS through algae, strategies to increase carbon sequestration levels, Major algal species as candidates for CCS.

Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), CCS as mitigation for climate change, CCS through algae, strategies to increase carbon sequestration levels, Major algal species as candidates for CCS.

Algae-based wastewater treatment systems, Nutrient removal and recovery using algae, Algal-bacterial symbiotic systems

Algae-based wastewater treatment systems, Nutrient removal and recovery using algae, Algal-bacterial symbiotic systems

Algae-based wastewater treatment systems, Nutrient removal and recovery using algae, Algal-bacterial symbiotic systems

Algae-based wastewater treatment systems, Nutrient removal and recovery using algae, Algal-bacterial symbiotic systems

Algae-based wastewater treatment systems, Nutrient removal and recovery using algae, Algal-bacterial symbiotic systems

Visit to algal cultivation centers, Hands-on experience in algal biomass production, Algal harvesting and processing techniques, Analyzing algal samples and evaluating productivity.

Visit to algal cultivation centers, Hands-on experience in algal biomass production, Algal harvesting and processing techniques, Analyzing algal samples and evaluating productivity.

Visit to algal cultivation centers, Hands-on experience in algal biomass production, Algal harvesting and processing techniques, Analyzing algal samples and evaluating productivity.

Visit to algal cultivation centers, Hands-on experience in algal biomass production, Algal harvesting and processing techniques, Analyzing algal samples and evaluating productivity.

Visit to algal cultivation centers, Hands-on experience in algal biomass production, Algal harvesting and processing techniques, Analyzing algal samples and evaluating productivity.

2. Bast, F. (2014). An Illustrated Review on Cultivation and Life History of Agronomically Important Sea plants. In Seaweed: Mineral Composition, Nutritional and Antioxidant Benefits and Agricultural Uses, EdsVitor Hugo Pomin, 39-70. Nova Publishers, New York ISBN: 978-1-63117-571-8

2. Sahoo, D. (2000). Farming the ocean: seaweed cultivation and utilization. Aravali International, New Delhi.

3. Bast, F (2014). Seaweeds: Ancestors of land plants with rich diversity. Resonance, 19(2) 1032-1043 ISSN: 0971-8044

4. Chisti, Y. (2013). Constraints to commercialization of algal fuels. Journal of Biotechnology, 167(3), 201-214.

5. Grossman, A. R., & Bhaya, D. (2014). Algal genomics: exploring the diversity of algal genomes. Genomics of Cyanobacteria, Chloroplasts, and Mitochondria, 339-363.

6. Huesemann, M. H., & Benemann, J. R. (2012). Biofuels from microalgae: a review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), 431-454.

 7. Schnurr, P. J., & Espie, G. S. (2016). Photosynthesis in the marine green alga Ulva: impacts of light and salinity stress on electron flow to oxygen. Journal of Phycology, 52(2), 297-309.

Elements of Fieldwork is designed as a course that equips undergraduates for fieldwork relevant to research in life sciences. It aims to expose students to the rigours of fieldwork and teach some of the general methods used by field researchers not only in life sciences, but also ecology and geography. In that sense, the stress is on a broad interdisciplinary understanding of field, and practical knowledge to undertake outdoor research.

The course is divided into five units, each comprising an element of nature – earth, water, fire (energy), air and sky (space). Together they expose students to different aspects of the environment. Earth is all about different terrains and their role in supporting biodiversity. The classes will include understanding different geographical features such as forests, rocky surfaces, wetlands, built-up spaces and drylands - through remote sensing images, maps and field observation. Water looks at  different forms and types of water, their significance to life, and water conservation. Fire deals with conventional and renewable energy sources -  starting from sunlight. Wind looks at wind flow, measurement, wind energy and effects of wind on the environment. Sky is all about understanding, mapping and  measuring space and planning its use in nature conservation. The field activities will include observation of  local weather, and an appreciation of the campus biodiversity, seasons and environmental dynamics.

While exposing students to observation and investigation of each of these elements, the course equips them with skill sets required for field study methods relevant to life sciences and ecology.

1.     The unit Earth is all about different terrains and their role in supporting biodiversity. The classes will include understanding different geographical features such as forests, rocky surfaces, wetlands, built-up spaces and drylands - through remote sensing images, maps and field observation.

      Lecture 1 - Blue Marble: earth seen from space (1hr)

The class explains the basics of satellite imagery and remote sensing. It offers a practical session on on making sense of satellite data and sources to access them.

2.     Lecture 2  - Lara Croft or Indiana Jones: kitting out for fieldwork (1hr)

The class explains: how to prepare for fieldwork? What to carry?  How to stay safe? How to be responsible and ethical?

3.     Lecture 3 -  Notes, snaps and snatches (1hr)

Using notes, sketches mobile phone cameras and sound recording. Apps and references for life sciences fieldwork. E.g., Merlin Bird ID from Cornel Ornithology Lab; iNaturalist, Kew Tropical Plant Identification Handbook

4.      Field classes: campus terrain (1hr x 6 classes)

A field study of different habitats, land features and environments in the campus and surroundings. These trips will include exercises for mapping, note-taking and usage of specialist tools and apps such as Google Earth. They will also include an appreciation of biodiversity and looking at conservation needs and options

1.     The unit Earth is all about different terrains and their role in supporting biodiversity. The classes will include understanding different geographical features such as forests, rocky surfaces, wetlands, built-up spaces and drylands - through remote sensing images, maps and field observation.

      Lecture 1 - Blue Marble: earth seen from space (1hr)

The class explains the basics of satellite imagery and remote sensing. It offers a practical session on on making sense of satellite data and sources to access them.

2.     Lecture 2  - Lara Croft or Indiana Jones: kitting out for fieldwork (1hr)

The class explains: how to prepare for fieldwork? What to carry?  How to stay safe? How to be responsible and ethical?

3.     Lecture 3 -  Notes, snaps and snatches (1hr)

Using notes, sketches mobile phone cameras and sound recording. Apps and references for life sciences fieldwork. E.g., Merlin Bird ID from Cornel Ornithology Lab; iNaturalist, Kew Tropical Plant Identification Handbook

4.      Field classes: campus terrain (1hr x 6 classes)

A field study of different habitats, land features and environments in the campus and surroundings. These trips will include exercises for mapping, note-taking and usage of specialist tools and apps such as Google Earth. They will also include an appreciation of biodiversity and looking at conservation needs and options

1.     The unit Earth is all about different terrains and their role in supporting biodiversity. The classes will include understanding different geographical features such as forests, rocky surfaces, wetlands, built-up spaces and drylands - through remote sensing images, maps and field observation.

      Lecture 1 - Blue Marble: earth seen from space (1hr)

The class explains the basics of satellite imagery and remote sensing. It offers a practical session on on making sense of satellite data and sources to access them.

2.     Lecture 2  - Lara Croft or Indiana Jones: kitting out for fieldwork (1hr)

The class explains: how to prepare for fieldwork? What to carry?  How to stay safe? How to be responsible and ethical?

3.     Lecture 3 -  Notes, snaps and snatches (1hr)

Using notes, sketches mobile phone cameras and sound recording. Apps and references for life sciences fieldwork. E.g., Merlin Bird ID from Cornel Ornithology Lab; iNaturalist, Kew Tropical Plant Identification Handbook

4.      Field classes: campus terrain (1hr x 6 classes)

A field study of different habitats, land features and environments in the campus and surroundings. These trips will include exercises for mapping, note-taking and usage of specialist tools and apps such as Google Earth. They will also include an appreciation of biodiversity and looking at conservation needs and options

1.     The unit Earth is all about different terrains and their role in supporting biodiversity. The classes will include understanding different geographical features such as forests, rocky surfaces, wetlands, built-up spaces and drylands - through remote sensing images, maps and field observation.

      Lecture 1 - Blue Marble: earth seen from space (1hr)

The class explains the basics of satellite imagery and remote sensing. It offers a practical session on on making sense of satellite data and sources to access them.

2.     Lecture 2  - Lara Croft or Indiana Jones: kitting out for fieldwork (1hr)

The class explains: how to prepare for fieldwork? What to carry?  How to stay safe? How to be responsible and ethical?

3.     Lecture 3 -  Notes, snaps and snatches (1hr)

Using notes, sketches mobile phone cameras and sound recording. Apps and references for life sciences fieldwork. E.g., Merlin Bird ID from Cornel Ornithology Lab; iNaturalist, Kew Tropical Plant Identification Handbook

4.      Field classes: campus terrain (1hr x 6 classes)

A field study of different habitats, land features and environments in the campus and surroundings. These trips will include exercises for mapping, note-taking and usage of specialist tools and apps such as Google Earth. They will also include an appreciation of biodiversity and looking at conservation needs and options

1.     The unit Earth is all about different terrains and their role in supporting biodiversity. The classes will include understanding different geographical features such as forests, rocky surfaces, wetlands, built-up spaces and drylands - through remote sensing images, maps and field observation.

      Lecture 1 - Blue Marble: earth seen from space (1hr)

The class explains the basics of satellite imagery and remote sensing. It offers a practical session on on making sense of satellite data and sources to access them.

2.     Lecture 2  - Lara Croft or Indiana Jones: kitting out for fieldwork (1hr)

The class explains: how to prepare for fieldwork? What to carry?  How to stay safe? How to be responsible and ethical?

3.     Lecture 3 -  Notes, snaps and snatches (1hr)

Using notes, sketches mobile phone cameras and sound recording. Apps and references for life sciences fieldwork. E.g., Merlin Bird ID from Cornel Ornithology Lab; iNaturalist, Kew Tropical Plant Identification Handbook

4.      Field classes: campus terrain (1hr x 6 classes)

A field study of different habitats, land features and environments in the campus and surroundings. These trips will include exercises for mapping, note-taking and usage of specialist tools and apps such as Google Earth. They will also include an appreciation of biodiversity and looking at conservation needs and options

The unit looks at  different forms and types of water, their significance to life, and water conservation. 

1.      Lecture 1 - 71%: an introduction to water resources (1hr)

An Introduction to the world’s water resources, and the challenges they face – climate change, pollution, resource crunch, conflicts.

2.      Lecture 2 - What goes up must come down: the water cycle (1hr)

An introduction to atmospheric and ocean processes involving water and its significance to the earth, its climate and people. 

3.      Lecture 3 - When it rains cats and dogs: the story of precipitation (1hr)

Basics of rain, snow, dew, monsoon, and how climate change impacts them all. 

4.      Field classes:  Water in campus 1 hr x 6 classes

Observation of water bodies in the campus, and other water sources around campus. The work will involve  finding and mapping water sources, checking water quality, appreciating aquatic life and exploring water conservation options.

The unit looks at  different forms and types of water, their significance to life, and water conservation. 

1.      Lecture 1 - 71%: an introduction to water resources (1hr)

An Introduction to the world’s water resources, and the challenges they face – climate change, pollution, resource crunch, conflicts.

2.      Lecture 2 - What goes up must come down: the water cycle (1hr)

An introduction to atmospheric and ocean processes involving water and its significance to the earth, its climate and people. 

3.      Lecture 3 - When it rains cats and dogs: the story of precipitation (1hr)

Basics of rain, snow, dew, monsoon, and how climate change impacts them all. 

4.      Field classes:  Water in campus 1 hr x 6 classes

Observation of water bodies in the campus, and other water sources around campus. The work will involve  finding and mapping water sources, checking water quality, appreciating aquatic life and exploring water conservation options.

The unit looks at  different forms and types of water, their significance to life, and water conservation. 

1.      Lecture 1 - 71%: an introduction to water resources (1hr)

An Introduction to the world’s water resources, and the challenges they face – climate change, pollution, resource crunch, conflicts.

2.      Lecture 2 - What goes up must come down: the water cycle (1hr)

An introduction to atmospheric and ocean processes involving water and its significance to the earth, its climate and people. 

3.      Lecture 3 - When it rains cats and dogs: the story of precipitation (1hr)

Basics of rain, snow, dew, monsoon, and how climate change impacts them all. 

4.      Field classes:  Water in campus 1 hr x 6 classes

Observation of water bodies in the campus, and other water sources around campus. The work will involve  finding and mapping water sources, checking water quality, appreciating aquatic life and exploring water conservation options.

The unit looks at  different forms and types of water, their significance to life, and water conservation. 

1.      Lecture 1 - 71%: an introduction to water resources (1hr)

An Introduction to the world’s water resources, and the challenges they face – climate change, pollution, resource crunch, conflicts.

2.      Lecture 2 - What goes up must come down: the water cycle (1hr)

An introduction to atmospheric and ocean processes involving water and its significance to the earth, its climate and people. 

3.      Lecture 3 - When it rains cats and dogs: the story of precipitation (1hr)

Basics of rain, snow, dew, monsoon, and how climate change impacts them all. 

4.      Field classes:  Water in campus 1 hr x 6 classes

Observation of water bodies in the campus, and other water sources around campus. The work will involve  finding and mapping water sources, checking water quality, appreciating aquatic life and exploring water conservation options.

The unit looks at  different forms and types of water, their significance to life, and water conservation. 

1.      Lecture 1 - 71%: an introduction to water resources (1hr)

An Introduction to the world’s water resources, and the challenges they face – climate change, pollution, resource crunch, conflicts.

2.      Lecture 2 - What goes up must come down: the water cycle (1hr)

An introduction to atmospheric and ocean processes involving water and its significance to the earth, its climate and people. 

3.      Lecture 3 - When it rains cats and dogs: the story of precipitation (1hr)

Basics of rain, snow, dew, monsoon, and how climate change impacts them all. 

4.      Field classes:  Water in campus 1 hr x 6 classes

Observation of water bodies in the campus, and other water sources around campus. The work will involve  finding and mapping water sources, checking water quality, appreciating aquatic life and exploring water conservation options.

Fire deals with conventional and renewable energy sources -  starting from sunlight.

Lecture 1 - E=mc²: The energy cycle (1hr)

The class explains the interactions between energy sources within the Earth’s environment. Even small changes impact long-term climate and in turn life.

2.      Lecture 2 - Big Oil, bad oil: the fossil fuel crisis (1hr)

       A class on carbon emissions, and the role of transport and industry 

3.      Lecture 3 -  Hype, hip or a hippie thing. The renewables revolution (1hr)

Solar, wind, waves, smart buildings: how renewables and energy saving saves our climate. 

4.       Field classes: A race to reach zero (1 hrs x 6 classes)

Campus tours to explore various efforts and new options for smart/renewable energy systems. The exploration will include introduction to technologies such as energy meters and light-sensitive switches, and interviews with experts and university officers.

Fire deals with conventional and renewable energy sources -  starting from sunlight.

Lecture 1 - E=mc²: The energy cycle (1hr)

The class explains the interactions between energy sources within the Earth’s environment. Even small changes impact long-term climate and in turn life.

2.      Lecture 2 - Big Oil, bad oil: the fossil fuel crisis (1hr)

       A class on carbon emissions, and the role of transport and industry 

3.      Lecture 3 -  Hype, hip or a hippie thing. The renewables revolution (1hr)

Solar, wind, waves, smart buildings: how renewables and energy saving saves our climate. 

4.       Field classes: A race to reach zero (1 hrs x 6 classes)

Campus tours to explore various efforts and new options for smart/renewable energy systems. The exploration will include introduction to technologies such as energy meters and light-sensitive switches, and interviews with experts and university officers.

Fire deals with conventional and renewable energy sources -  starting from sunlight.

Lecture 1 - E=mc²: The energy cycle (1hr)

The class explains the interactions between energy sources within the Earth’s environment. Even small changes impact long-term climate and in turn life.

2.      Lecture 2 - Big Oil, bad oil: the fossil fuel crisis (1hr)

       A class on carbon emissions, and the role of transport and industry 

3.      Lecture 3 -  Hype, hip or a hippie thing. The renewables revolution (1hr)

Solar, wind, waves, smart buildings: how renewables and energy saving saves our climate. 

4.       Field classes: A race to reach zero (1 hrs x 6 classes)

Campus tours to explore various efforts and new options for smart/renewable energy systems. The exploration will include introduction to technologies such as energy meters and light-sensitive switches, and interviews with experts and university officers.

Fire deals with conventional and renewable energy sources -  starting from sunlight.

Lecture 1 - E=mc²: The energy cycle (1hr)

The class explains the interactions between energy sources within the Earth’s environment. Even small changes impact long-term climate and in turn life.

2.      Lecture 2 - Big Oil, bad oil: the fossil fuel crisis (1hr)

       A class on carbon emissions, and the role of transport and industry 

3.      Lecture 3 -  Hype, hip or a hippie thing. The renewables revolution (1hr)

Solar, wind, waves, smart buildings: how renewables and energy saving saves our climate. 

4.       Field classes: A race to reach zero (1 hrs x 6 classes)

Campus tours to explore various efforts and new options for smart/renewable energy systems. The exploration will include introduction to technologies such as energy meters and light-sensitive switches, and interviews with experts and university officers.

Fire deals with conventional and renewable energy sources -  starting from sunlight.

Lecture 1 - E=mc²: The energy cycle (1hr)

The class explains the interactions between energy sources within the Earth’s environment. Even small changes impact long-term climate and in turn life.

2.      Lecture 2 - Big Oil, bad oil: the fossil fuel crisis (1hr)

       A class on carbon emissions, and the role of transport and industry 

3.      Lecture 3 -  Hype, hip or a hippie thing. The renewables revolution (1hr)

Solar, wind, waves, smart buildings: how renewables and energy saving saves our climate. 

4.       Field classes: A race to reach zero (1 hrs x 6 classes)

Campus tours to explore various efforts and new options for smart/renewable energy systems. The exploration will include introduction to technologies such as energy meters and light-sensitive switches, and interviews with experts and university officers.

The unit Wind looks at wind flow, measurement, energy and effects of wind on the environment.

1.      Lecture  1 - one with the wind: Global wind circulation, local impacts (1hr)                                                           An introduction to global wind patterns or the "general circulation", surface winds and their local influence

2.       Lecture 2 - Breathing life: wind influence on flora and fauna (1hr)

The class explains how changing wind patterns influence forests, farms and species dispersal 

3.       Lecture 3 - Windmills of your mind: wind as a renewable energy resource (1hr)

An introductory class on wind energy resources, their relevance, future and impacts on the environment.

1.       Field classes:  chasing the wind (1hr x 6 classes)

Measuring and mapping wind at different parts and heights of the Central Campus and surrounding areas with a handheld anemometer and a wind vane. Understanding how buildings influence wind flow, and wind flow influences ambient temperature. Spotting cool places in campus. Checking options for wind/hybrid energy generation systems in campus.

The unit Wind looks at wind flow, measurement, energy and effects of wind on the environment.

1.      Lecture  1 - one with the wind: Global wind circulation, local impacts (1hr)                                                           An introduction to global wind patterns or the "general circulation", surface winds and their local influence

2.       Lecture 2 - Breathing life: wind influence on flora and fauna (1hr)

The class explains how changing wind patterns influence forests, farms and species dispersal 

3.       Lecture 3 - Windmills of your mind: wind as a renewable energy resource (1hr)

An introductory class on wind energy resources, their relevance, future and impacts on the environment.

1.       Field classes:  chasing the wind (1hr x 6 classes)

Measuring and mapping wind at different parts and heights of the Central Campus and surrounding areas with a handheld anemometer and a wind vane. Understanding how buildings influence wind flow, and wind flow influences ambient temperature. Spotting cool places in campus. Checking options for wind/hybrid energy generation systems in campus.

The unit Wind looks at wind flow, measurement, energy and effects of wind on the environment.

1.      Lecture  1 - one with the wind: Global wind circulation, local impacts (1hr)                                                           An introduction to global wind patterns or the "general circulation", surface winds and their local influence

2.       Lecture 2 - Breathing life: wind influence on flora and fauna (1hr)

The class explains how changing wind patterns influence forests, farms and species dispersal 

3.       Lecture 3 - Windmills of your mind: wind as a renewable energy resource (1hr)

An introductory class on wind energy resources, their relevance, future and impacts on the environment.

1.       Field classes:  chasing the wind (1hr x 6 classes)

Measuring and mapping wind at different parts and heights of the Central Campus and surrounding areas with a handheld anemometer and a wind vane. Understanding how buildings influence wind flow, and wind flow influences ambient temperature. Spotting cool places in campus. Checking options for wind/hybrid energy generation systems in campus.

The unit Wind looks at wind flow, measurement, energy and effects of wind on the environment.

1.      Lecture  1 - one with the wind: Global wind circulation, local impacts (1hr)                                                           An introduction to global wind patterns or the "general circulation", surface winds and their local influence

2.       Lecture 2 - Breathing life: wind influence on flora and fauna (1hr)

The class explains how changing wind patterns influence forests, farms and species dispersal 

3.       Lecture 3 - Windmills of your mind: wind as a renewable energy resource (1hr)

An introductory class on wind energy resources, their relevance, future and impacts on the environment.

1.       Field classes:  chasing the wind (1hr x 6 classes)

Measuring and mapping wind at different parts and heights of the Central Campus and surrounding areas with a handheld anemometer and a wind vane. Understanding how buildings influence wind flow, and wind flow influences ambient temperature. Spotting cool places in campus. Checking options for wind/hybrid energy generation systems in campus.

The unit Wind looks at wind flow, measurement, energy and effects of wind on the environment.

1.      Lecture  1 - one with the wind: Global wind circulation, local impacts (1hr)                                                           An introduction to global wind patterns or the "general circulation", surface winds and their local influence

2.       Lecture 2 - Breathing life: wind influence on flora and fauna (1hr)

The class explains how changing wind patterns influence forests, farms and species dispersal 

3.       Lecture 3 - Windmills of your mind: wind as a renewable energy resource (1hr)

An introductory class on wind energy resources, their relevance, future and impacts on the environment.

1.       Field classes:  chasing the wind (1hr x 6 classes)

Measuring and mapping wind at different parts and heights of the Central Campus and surrounding areas with a handheld anemometer and a wind vane. Understanding how buildings influence wind flow, and wind flow influences ambient temperature. Spotting cool places in campus. Checking options for wind/hybrid energy generation systems in campus.

Sky is all about understanding, mapping and  measuring space and planning its use in nature conservation.

1.       Lecture 1 - Mapping the world, its water and land (1hr)

A brief history of maps — from Herodotus to Google Earth. The class shows students various types of maps, and their use in life sciences research.

2.      Lecture 2 - Google me: an introduction to Google maps (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to Google maps

3.      Lecture 3 - GIS and tell: an introduction to Geographical Information System (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to using and making maps for relevant to life sciences research 

4.      Filed classes: Finding your way with Global Positioning System (GPS) (1 hr x 6 classes)  

      A hands-on introduction to GPS and map-making - using way markers and navigation charts inside the central campus; and creating and making entries on maps used for different purposes such as conservation and land use changes.

Sky is all about understanding, mapping and  measuring space and planning its use in nature conservation.

1.       Lecture 1 - Mapping the world, its water and land (1hr)

A brief history of maps — from Herodotus to Google Earth. The class shows students various types of maps, and their use in life sciences research.

2.      Lecture 2 - Google me: an introduction to Google maps (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to Google maps

3.      Lecture 3 - GIS and tell: an introduction to Geographical Information System (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to using and making maps for relevant to life sciences research 

4.      Filed classes: Finding your way with Global Positioning System (GPS) (1 hr x 6 classes)  

      A hands-on introduction to GPS and map-making - using way markers and navigation charts inside the central campus; and creating and making entries on maps used for different purposes such as conservation and land use changes.

Sky is all about understanding, mapping and  measuring space and planning its use in nature conservation.

1.       Lecture 1 - Mapping the world, its water and land (1hr)

A brief history of maps — from Herodotus to Google Earth. The class shows students various types of maps, and their use in life sciences research.

2.      Lecture 2 - Google me: an introduction to Google maps (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to Google maps

3.      Lecture 3 - GIS and tell: an introduction to Geographical Information System (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to using and making maps for relevant to life sciences research 

4.      Filed classes: Finding your way with Global Positioning System (GPS) (1 hr x 6 classes)  

      A hands-on introduction to GPS and map-making - using way markers and navigation charts inside the central campus; and creating and making entries on maps used for different purposes such as conservation and land use changes.

Sky is all about understanding, mapping and  measuring space and planning its use in nature conservation.

1.       Lecture 1 - Mapping the world, its water and land (1hr)

A brief history of maps — from Herodotus to Google Earth. The class shows students various types of maps, and their use in life sciences research.

2.      Lecture 2 - Google me: an introduction to Google maps (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to Google maps

3.      Lecture 3 - GIS and tell: an introduction to Geographical Information System (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to using and making maps for relevant to life sciences research 

4.      Filed classes: Finding your way with Global Positioning System (GPS) (1 hr x 6 classes)  

      A hands-on introduction to GPS and map-making - using way markers and navigation charts inside the central campus; and creating and making entries on maps used for different purposes such as conservation and land use changes.

Sky is all about understanding, mapping and  measuring space and planning its use in nature conservation.

1.       Lecture 1 - Mapping the world, its water and land (1hr)

A brief history of maps — from Herodotus to Google Earth. The class shows students various types of maps, and their use in life sciences research.

2.      Lecture 2 - Google me: an introduction to Google maps (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to Google maps

3.      Lecture 3 - GIS and tell: an introduction to Geographical Information System (1hr)

A hands-on introduction to using and making maps for relevant to life sciences research 

4.      Filed classes: Finding your way with Global Positioning System (GPS) (1 hr x 6 classes)  

      A hands-on introduction to GPS and map-making - using way markers and navigation charts inside the central campus; and creating and making entries on maps used for different purposes such as conservation and land use changes.

1. Nagendra, H (2016) Nature in the city: Bengaluru in the past, present and future, New Delhi: OUP.

2.  National Geographic (2024) Fieldwork: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/field-work/

3. Royal Geographical Society (2024) Ecosystem fieldwork techniques Ecosystems fieldwork techniques - RGS 

Essential watching

1.       A Life on our planet (Netflix)

2.       Don’t look up (Netflix) 

3.       Charles Darwin and the tree of life https://topdocumentaryfilms.com

(There will be options for screening the films on campus)

Dixit, K. and Subba, B. (2000) Water Wisdom, Kathmandu, Panos Institute, South Asia, PowerPoint presentations, news clippings and notes will be given for each session.

Recommended watching

1.       The boy who harnessed the wind (Netflix)

2.       Before the flood (YouTube)

3.       An inconvenient truth (Amazon Prime)

4.       Oppenheimer (Amazon Prime)

(There will be options for screening of these films on campus)

 CIA I – Quiz after each unit's theory classes – 20 marks

 CIA II – Midsemester exam (assignment based on fieldwork)– 50 marks

 CIA III - Quiz after each unit's practical classes – 20 marks

(CIA I-III marks will be given out of total of 90 and then halved to 45)

 Attendance – 5

 End Semester Exam – 50 marks

Total marks - 100 

 The present course deals with the study of microbes, fungi and algae and the diseases caused in plants. The units of Phycology and Mycology deals with the general characters, thallus organization, morphology and life cycles of different algae and fungi. It also discusses the diseases caused in plants and evaluates the symptoms, causal agents and control measures of infected plants and other microbial diseases.

Basic introduction about the microbial diversity

Basic introduction about the microbial diversity

 Discovery; Physiochemical and biological characteristics; Classification (including Baltimore’s); Replication, Lytic and Lysogenic cycle; Structure of DNA virus (bacteriophage T4), RNA virus (TMV), Oncogenic virus (HIV); Symptoms, transmission and management of diseases caused by viruses in plants and in animals-with special reference to Mosaics and Vein clearing; and Dengue and AIDS 

 Discovery; Physiochemical and biological characteristics; Classification (including Baltimore’s); Replication, Lytic and Lysogenic cycle; Structure of DNA virus (bacteriophage T4), RNA virus (TMV), Oncogenic virus (HIV); Symptoms, transmission and management of diseases caused by viruses in plants and in animals-with special reference to Mosaics and Vein clearing; and Dengue and AIDS 

Discovery of bacteria; Ecology and distribution; General structure; Comparison of Archaea and Eubacteria; Wall-less forms (L-forms, Mycoplasma, Protoplasts and Sphaeroplasts) Nutrition; Reproduction–vegetative, asexual and recombination; Economic importance; Symptoms, transmission and management of diseases caused by bacteria and mycoplasma on plants; Detailed study of two diseases each on plants (with special reference to: Crown gall and Citrus canker), and on animals (with special reference to: Tuberculosis and Cholera).

Discovery of bacteria; Ecology and distribution; General structure; Comparison of Archaea and Eubacteria; Wall-less forms (L-forms, Mycoplasma, Protoplasts and Sphaeroplasts) Nutrition; Reproduction–vegetative, asexual and recombination; Economic importance; Symptoms, transmission and management of diseases caused by bacteria and mycoplasma on plants; Detailed study of two diseases each on plants (with special reference to: Crown gall and Citrus canker), and on animals (with special reference to: Tuberculosis and Cholera).

 General characteristics; Ecology and distribution (with reference to distribution in Indian peninsula); Range of thallus organization and reproduction; Basic criteria used in classification (Fritsch, 1945); Important classes in relation to Applied Phycology listed below Cyanophyceae- Nostoc Chlorophyceae- Chlamydomonas, Volvox, ChlorellaBacillariophyceae-Diatoms Phaeophyceae- Sargassum and Rhodophyceae- Gracilaria

 General characteristics; Ecology and distribution (with reference to distribution in Indian peninsula); Range of thallus organization and reproduction; Basic criteria used in classification (Fritsch, 1945); Important classes in relation to Applied Phycology listed below Cyanophyceae- Nostoc Chlorophyceae- Chlamydomonas, Volvox, ChlorellaBacillariophyceae-Diatoms Phaeophyceae- Sargassum and Rhodophyceae- Gracilaria

 General characteristics; Ecology and distribution; Range of thallus organization; Cell structure; Wall composition; Nutrition; Growth; Reproduction and spores; Heterokaryosis and parasexuality; Basic criteria used in classification. Myxomycetes: General characteristics; Ecology and significance (Physarum as an experimental tool); Oomycetes: General characteristics; Ecology and significance; Thallus organization, Reproduction; Life cycle of Albugo. Life cycle of Rhizopus (Zygomycetes), Peziza (Ascomycetes) Puccinia, (Basidiomycetes) and Alternaria (Deuteromycetes), Symptoms, transmission and management of fungal diseases on plants; Two diseases each on plants (with special reference to Rust of wheat and Early blight of potato), and on humans (with special reference to Candidiasis and Dermatophytes to be studied in detail). Associations of Fungi: Lichens: General account; Reproduction; Mycorrhizae: General account and its significance.

 General characteristics; Ecology and distribution; Range of thallus organization; Cell structure; Wall composition; Nutrition; Growth; Reproduction and spores; Heterokaryosis and parasexuality; Basic criteria used in classification. Myxomycetes: General characteristics; Ecology and significance (Physarum as an experimental tool); Oomycetes: General characteristics; Ecology and significance; Thallus organization, Reproduction; Life cycle of Albugo. Life cycle of Rhizopus (Zygomycetes), Peziza (Ascomycetes) Puccinia, (Basidiomycetes) and Alternaria (Deuteromycetes), Symptoms, transmission and management of fungal diseases on plants; Two diseases each on plants (with special reference to Rust of wheat and Early blight of potato), and on humans (with special reference to Candidiasis and Dermatophytes to be studied in detail). Associations of Fungi: Lichens: General account; Reproduction; Mycorrhizae: General account and its significance.

2. Prescott's Microbiology by Willey, Joanne; Sherwood, Linda; Woolverton, Chris, 8th edition (2011) McGraw Hill.

Pearson.

2. Sharma, PD (2005). Fungi and Allied Organisms, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

3. Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W. and Blackwell, M. (1996) Introductory Mycology, John

Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA.

4. Webster J. and Weber, R.W.S; (2007) Introduction to Fungi (3rd Edition) Cambridge Univ.

Paress, U.K.

5. Fritsch F.E. 1935, 45 (Vol. I & II) The structure and reproduction of the Algae. Vikas

Publishing House Ltd. Delhi

6. Sahoo Dinabandhu. 2000. Farming the ocean Aravali International, Delhi

CIA2: 50%

CI3: 20%

Attendance: 10%

End Semester Exam: 100 Marks

This course introduces the students to the world of microbes discussing their salient features and importance. It discusses the fundamental principles and procedures of microbiology research and highlights GLP. The course further covers the basics of biostatistics essential for dealing with the analytical part of biological research. It surveys bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, as well as their growth characteristics and morphology. This course guides the students to learn appropriate microbiology.

History and scope of Microbiology, Microscopy – Light, Phase contrast, Fluorescence & Electron microscopy: Stains and staining techniques - Gram’s, acid fast, capsular, flagellar and endospore staining. Physical and Chemical control of microorganisms. Methods of Sterilization, Methods for  isolation of pure culture, Culture and Media preparation – Solid and Liquid – Types of Media – Synthetic and Complex, Enriched, Enrichment, Selective and Differential media  Anaerobic culture technique – Candle Jar method, Wright‟s tube, Roll tube, Mclntoshfilde‟s jar method. Methods for enumeration of bacteria, Characters used for classification of microbes.

History and scope of Microbiology, Microscopy – Light, Phase contrast, Fluorescence & Electron microscopy: Stains and staining techniques - Gram’s, acid fast, capsular, flagellar and endospore staining. Physical and Chemical control of microorganisms. Methods of Sterilization, Methods for  isolation of pure culture, Culture and Media preparation – Solid and Liquid – Types of Media – Synthetic and Complex, Enriched, Enrichment, Selective and Differential media  Anaerobic culture technique – Candle Jar method, Wright‟s tube, Roll tube, Mclntoshfilde‟s jar method. Methods for enumeration of bacteria, Characters used for classification of microbes.

History and scope of Microbiology, Microscopy – Light, Phase contrast, Fluorescence & Electron microscopy: Stains and staining techniques - Gram’s, acid fast, capsular, flagellar and endospore staining. Physical and Chemical control of microorganisms. Methods of Sterilization, Methods for  isolation of pure culture, Culture and Media preparation – Solid and Liquid – Types of Media – Synthetic and Complex, Enriched, Enrichment, Selective and Differential media  Anaerobic culture technique – Candle Jar method, Wright‟s tube, Roll tube, Mclntoshfilde‟s jar method. Methods for enumeration of bacteria, Characters used for classification of microbes.

History and scope of Microbiology, Microscopy – Light, Phase contrast, Fluorescence & Electron microscopy: Stains and staining techniques - Gram’s, acid fast, capsular, flagellar and endospore staining. Physical and Chemical control of microorganisms. Methods of Sterilization, Methods for  isolation of pure culture, Culture and Media preparation – Solid and Liquid – Types of Media – Synthetic and Complex, Enriched, Enrichment, Selective and Differential media  Anaerobic culture technique – Candle Jar method, Wright‟s tube, Roll tube, Mclntoshfilde‟s jar method. Methods for enumeration of bacteria, Characters used for classification of microbes.

Structure of bacteria, classification based on shape and arrangement of cells, flagella – structure & function, Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell wall structural features, endospore formation, Functions of pili and capsule,  Antibiotics - history, mode of action, antibiotic resistance- types, causes, Superbugs

Structure of bacteria, classification based on shape and arrangement of cells, flagella – structure & function, Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell wall structural features, endospore formation, Functions of pili and capsule,  Antibiotics - history, mode of action, antibiotic resistance- types, causes, Superbugs

Structure of bacteria, classification based on shape and arrangement of cells, flagella – structure & function, Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell wall structural features, endospore formation, Functions of pili and capsule,  Antibiotics - history, mode of action, antibiotic resistance- types, causes, Superbugs

Structure of bacteria, classification based on shape and arrangement of cells, flagella – structure & function, Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial cell wall structural features, endospore formation, Functions of pili and capsule,  Antibiotics - history, mode of action, antibiotic resistance- types, causes, Superbugs

Viruses – Structure and classification, Plant Viruses – TMV, CaMV, Animal viruses – HIV, Hepatitis B, Herpes Simplex Virus,  Phages- types, plaque assay, life cycle of bacteriophage  Lambda.

Viruses – Structure and classification, Plant Viruses – TMV, CaMV, Animal viruses – HIV, Hepatitis B, Herpes Simplex Virus,  Phages- types, plaque assay, life cycle of bacteriophage  Lambda.

Viruses – Structure and classification, Plant Viruses – TMV, CaMV, Animal viruses – HIV, Hepatitis B, Herpes Simplex Virus,  Phages- types, plaque assay, life cycle of bacteriophage  Lambda.

Viruses – Structure and classification, Plant Viruses – TMV, CaMV, Animal viruses – HIV, Hepatitis B, Herpes Simplex Virus,  Phages- types, plaque assay, life cycle of bacteriophage  Lambda.

Fungi- Salient features, classification and reproduction of fungi, beneficial and harmful fungi, Life Cycle of Rhizopus, Mycorrhizae and lichens- types and significance, Algae - classification, uses of algae.

Fungi- Salient features, classification and reproduction of fungi, beneficial and harmful fungi, Life Cycle of Rhizopus, Mycorrhizae and lichens- types and significance, Algae - classification, uses of algae.

Fungi- Salient features, classification and reproduction of fungi, beneficial and harmful fungi, Life Cycle of Rhizopus, Mycorrhizae and lichens- types and significance, Algae - classification, uses of algae.

Fungi- Salient features, classification and reproduction of fungi, beneficial and harmful fungi, Life Cycle of Rhizopus, Mycorrhizae and lichens- types and significance, Algae - classification, uses of algae.

2) M. J. Pelczar Jr, E. C. S. Chan and N. R. Krieg, Microbiology, 5 th ed. New Delhi: Tata McGgraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd., 2004.

3) R. C. Dubey and D. K. Maheswari, Microbiology, New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2010.

2) G. J. Tortora, B. R. Funke, and C. L. Case, An Introduction to Microbiology, 11 th ed. USA: Benjamin Cummings, 2012.

3) R. Ananthanarayan and C. K. J. Paniker, Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s Textbook of Microbiology 8 thed. Universities Press. 2009.

4) Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke & Christine L. Case,(2013). Microbiology – An Introduction 11thEd. Pearson

● CIA 1: 10%

● CIA 2 (Mid Semester Examination): 25% (50 marks)

● CIA 3: 10 %

● Attendance: 5 %

CIA total: 50 marks (50%)

End Semester examination: 100 marks (50%)

The paper introduces the students with the fundamental principles and practices of microbiology and provides hands-on experience in working with microbes. All these are of immense application in medical, industrial and agricultural fields. 

1. Safety measures in microbiology laboratory

2. Instrumentation

3. Cleaning and Sterilization of Glasswares and preparation of Cotton plug

4. Preparation of Culture Media

5. Isolation of Microorganisms from environment

6. Study of Colony Characteristics of Bacteria

7. Pure culture techniques

8. Simple staining of bacteria

9. Gram staining

10. Motility testing of bacteria

11. Endospore staining

12. Sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics

13. Biochemical tests (IMViC & Catalase)

14. Study of fungi

1. Safety measures in microbiology laboratory

2. Instrumentation

3. Cleaning and Sterilization of Glasswares and preparation of Cotton plug

4. Preparation of Culture Media

5. Isolation of Microorganisms from environment

6. Study of Colony Characteristics of Bacteria

7. Pure culture techniques

8. Simple staining of bacteria

9. Gram staining

10. Motility testing of bacteria

11. Endospore staining

12. Sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics

13. Biochemical tests (IMViC & Catalase)

14. Study of fungi

1. Safety measures in microbiology laboratory

2. Instrumentation

3. Cleaning and Sterilization of Glasswares and preparation of Cotton plug

4. Preparation of Culture Media

5. Isolation of Microorganisms from environment

6. Study of Colony Characteristics of Bacteria

7. Pure culture techniques

8. Simple staining of bacteria

9. Gram staining

10. Motility testing of bacteria

11. Endospore staining

12. Sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics

13. Biochemical tests (IMViC & Catalase)

14. Study of fungi

1. Safety measures in microbiology laboratory

2. Instrumentation

3. Cleaning and Sterilization of Glasswares and preparation of Cotton plug

4. Preparation of Culture Media

5. Isolation of Microorganisms from environment

6. Study of Colony Characteristics of Bacteria

7. Pure culture techniques

8. Simple staining of bacteria

9. Gram staining

10. Motility testing of bacteria

11. Endospore staining

12. Sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics

13. Biochemical tests (IMViC & Catalase)

14. Study of fungi

2. Joanne Willey and Kathleen Sandman and Dorothy Wood, (2020).Prescott‟s Microbiology 11thEd. Mc Graw Hill Book.

3. M. J. Pelczar Jr, E. C. S. Chan and N. R. Krieg, Microbiology, 5 th ed. New Delhi: Tata McGgraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd., 2004.

2. R. Ananthanarayan and C. K. J. Paniker, Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s Textbook of Microbiology 8 thed. Universities Press. 2009.

3. Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke & Christine L. Case,(2013). Microbiology – An Introduction 11thEd. Pearson

● Performance (CIA1): 20%

● CIA 2 (Mid Semester Examination): 20% (40 marks)

● Record: 10%

CIA total: 50 marks (50%)

End Semester examination: 50 marks (50%)

ESE practical question pattern

Total Marks: 50         Duration : 3Hrs

Question paper Pattern

1. Performance of Microbiology technique- Gram staining/Endospore staining

(Principle- 4m, Materials Required - 2m Procedure- 4m, Result- 10 m) - 20 marks

2. Identify the biochemical test and write the principle and procedure - 5 marks

(Identification - 1 mark, Principle- 2m, Procedure-2m)

3. Logical questions/Problems (3 x 3 marks) - 9 marks

4. Spotters (4m X 4 - Identification – 1m, Comments- 3m) - 16 marks

In this introductory paper, the students acquire knowledge of the basic concepts of Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry. 

Prelearning topics: Bohr’s theory and its limitations, Black body radiation, dual behaviour of matter and radiation, de Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom spectra. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure.

Quantum mechanics: Postulates of quantum mechanics, Introduction, time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of various terms in it. Significance of ψ and ψ², Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular parts of the hydrogenic wave functions (atomic orbitals) and their variations for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals (Only graphical representation). Radial and angular nodes and their significance. Radial distribution functions and the concept of the most probable distance with special reference to 1s and 2s atomic orbitals. Significance of quantum numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers ml and ms. Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and magnetic spin quantum number (ms). Effective nuclear charge. Slater's Rules. *Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals,*concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations.

Prelearning topics: Bohr’s theory and its limitations, Black body radiation, dual behaviour of matter and radiation, de Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom spectra. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure.

Quantum mechanics: Postulates of quantum mechanics, Introduction, time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of various terms in it. Significance of ψ and ψ², Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular parts of the hydrogenic wave functions (atomic orbitals) and their variations for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals (Only graphical representation). Radial and angular nodes and their significance. Radial distribution functions and the concept of the most probable distance with special reference to 1s and 2s atomic orbitals. Significance of quantum numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers ml and ms. Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and magnetic spin quantum number (ms). Effective nuclear charge. Slater's Rules. *Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals,*concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations.

Prelearning topics: Bohr’s theory and its limitations, Black body radiation, dual behaviour of matter and radiation, de Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom spectra. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure.

Quantum mechanics: Postulates of quantum mechanics, Introduction, time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of various terms in it. Significance of ψ and ψ², Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular parts of the hydrogenic wave functions (atomic orbitals) and their variations for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals (Only graphical representation). Radial and angular nodes and their significance. Radial distribution functions and the concept of the most probable distance with special reference to 1s and 2s atomic orbitals. Significance of quantum numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers ml and ms. Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and magnetic spin quantum number (ms). Effective nuclear charge. Slater's Rules. *Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals,*concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations.

Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. ^#Energy considerations in ionic bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and percentage ionic character.

Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements. Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic compounds.

MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules (O₂, N₂) of 1st and 2nd periods (including idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO and NO⁺. Comparison of VB and MO approaches.

Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. ^#Energy considerations in ionic bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and percentage ionic character.

Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements. Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic compounds.

MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules (O₂, N₂) of 1st and 2nd periods (including idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO and NO⁺. Comparison of VB and MO approaches.

Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. ^#Energy considerations in ionic bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and percentage ionic character.

Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements. Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic compounds.

MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules (O₂, N₂) of 1st and 2nd periods (including idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO and NO⁺. Comparison of VB and MO approaches.

Prelearning topics: Hybridizations, bond lengths, bond angles, bond energy. Localized and delocalized chemical bond, polarity of bonds, types of chemical reactions

Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance, Hyperconjugation and steric effect. Effect of the above on strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting pK values. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis. Nucleophiles and electrophiles. Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions, free radicals and carbenes - Structure, shape and reactivity of organic intermediates. Types of organic reactions: Addition, elimination, substitution, rearrangement and redox reactions (definition and one example each). 

Prelearning topics: Hybridizations, bond lengths, bond angles, bond energy. Localized and delocalized chemical bond, polarity of bonds, types of chemical reactions

Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance, Hyperconjugation and steric effect. Effect of the above on strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting pK values. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis. Nucleophiles and electrophiles. Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions, free radicals and carbenes - Structure, shape and reactivity of organic intermediates. Types of organic reactions: Addition, elimination, substitution, rearrangement and redox reactions (definition and one example each). 

Prelearning topics: Hybridizations, bond lengths, bond angles, bond energy. Localized and delocalized chemical bond, polarity of bonds, types of chemical reactions

Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance, Hyperconjugation and steric effect. Effect of the above on strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting pK values. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis. Nucleophiles and electrophiles. Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions, free radicals and carbenes - Structure, shape and reactivity of organic intermediates. Types of organic reactions: Addition, elimination, substitution, rearrangement and redox reactions (definition and one example each). 

Prelearning topics: Classification, Nomenclature and sources of organic compounds.

Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons)

Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation. Selectivity and reactivity. (Mechanisms)

Cycloalkanes-Relative stabilities-Baeyer’s strain theory-Sache-Mohr theory of strainless rings.

Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons)

Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Mention stereoselective and regioselective reactions. Reactions: cis addition (alk. KMnO₄) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition with mechanisms), Hydration, Ozonolysis, Hydroboration-oxidation.

Alkynes: (Upto 5 Carbons)                                                                                          

Prelearning topics: geminal and vicinal dihalides, basic concepts of addition and oxidation reactions.  Preparation: Acetylene from CaC₂ and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides.

Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO₄, ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alkaline KMnO₄.

Prelearning topics: Classification, Nomenclature and sources of organic compounds.

Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons)

Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation. Selectivity and reactivity. (Mechanisms)

Cycloalkanes-Relative stabilities-Baeyer’s strain theory-Sache-Mohr theory of strainless rings.

Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons)

Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Mention stereoselective and regioselective reactions. Reactions: cis addition (alk. KMnO₄) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition with mechanisms), Hydration, Ozonolysis, Hydroboration-oxidation.

Alkynes: (Upto 5 Carbons)                                                                                          

Prelearning topics: geminal and vicinal dihalides, basic concepts of addition and oxidation reactions.  Preparation: Acetylene from CaC₂ and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides.

Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO₄, ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alkaline KMnO₄.

Prelearning topics: Classification, Nomenclature and sources of organic compounds.

Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons)

Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation. Selectivity and reactivity. (Mechanisms)

Cycloalkanes-Relative stabilities-Baeyer’s strain theory-Sache-Mohr theory of strainless rings.

Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons)

Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Mention stereoselective and regioselective reactions. Reactions: cis addition (alk. KMnO₄) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition with mechanisms), Hydration, Ozonolysis, Hydroboration-oxidation.

Alkynes: (Upto 5 Carbons)                                                                                          

Prelearning topics: geminal and vicinal dihalides, basic concepts of addition and oxidation reactions.  Preparation: Acetylene from CaC₂ and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides.

Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO₄, ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alkaline KMnO₄.

[2]  Bahl, A. &Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

[3]  B. Mehta, M. Mehta, Organic Chemistry, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2017.

[2]  D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler and S.R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th Edition, Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning, Inc., USA, 2004.

[3]  J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Blackwell Science, London, 2010.

[4]  Satya Prakash, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 1, 5th Edition, S. Chand and Sons, New Delhi, 2012.

[5]  R.K. Prasad, Quantum Chemistry, New Age International, 2001

[6]  McQuarrie, J. D. Simon, Physical Chemistry – A molecular Approach, Viva Books.

[7]  I. N. Levine, Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill,

[8]  ManasChanda, Atomic structure and Chemical bonding in Molecular Spectroscopy” Tata McGraw Hill.

[9]  J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th edn., Blackwell Science, London.

[10]   B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Milestone Publishers, New Delhi.

[11]   F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P. L. Gaus, Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley.

[12]   B. Douglas, D. Mc Daniel, J. Alexander, Concepts and models in Inorganic Chemistry.

[13]   R. Gopalan, Inorganic Chemistry for Undergraduates, Universities Press, Hyderabad, 2009.

[14]   Jain and Sharma Modern Organic Chemistry 3^rd edition, Vishal Publishing Company, 2009.

[15]   R. T Morrison, and R. N. Boyd. Organic Chemistry.  7^thed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., 2010.

[16]   S.M. Mukherji, S. P. Singh, and R. P. Kapoor. Organic Chemistry. 3^rd, 12th Reprint, New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, 2009.

[17]   I. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol. II, 5^thed. New Delhi: ELBS and Longman Ltd., reprint 2008.

This course is intended to impart basic analytical skills with an emphasis on volumetric analysis. It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments.

1.     Calibration of glassware.

2.     Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a stalagmometer.

3.     Study of the variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with concentration.

4.     Determination of viscosity of a liquid.

5.     Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO₄.

6.     Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO₄.

7.     Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K₂Cr₂O₇ using internal indicator.

8.     Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K₂Cr₂O₇ using external indicator.

9.     Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na₂S₂O₃.

10.  Estimation of total alkalinity of water samples (CO₃^2-, HCO^3-) using double titration method.

11.  Measurement of chlorides in water samples by titrimetry (AgNO₃ and potassium chromate)

1.     Calibration of glassware.

2.     Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a stalagmometer.

3.     Study of the variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with concentration.

4.     Determination of viscosity of a liquid.

5.     Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO₄.

6.     Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO₄.

7.     Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K₂Cr₂O₇ using internal indicator.

8.     Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K₂Cr₂O₇ using external indicator.

9.     Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na₂S₂O₃.

10.  Estimation of total alkalinity of water samples (CO₃^2-, HCO^3-) using double titration method.

11.  Measurement of chlorides in water samples by titrimetry (AgNO₃ and potassium chromate)

1.     Calibration of glassware.

2.     Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a stalagmometer.

3.     Study of the variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with concentration.

4.     Determination of viscosity of a liquid.

5.     Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO₄.

6.     Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO₄.

7.     Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K₂Cr₂O₇ using internal indicator.

8.     Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K₂Cr₂O₇ using external indicator.

9.     Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na₂S₂O₃.

10.  Estimation of total alkalinity of water samples (CO₃^2-, HCO^3-) using double titration method.

11.  Measurement of chlorides in water samples by titrimetry (AgNO₃ and potassium chromate)

[2]  Mendham, J. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.

[2]  Mendham, J. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.

1.  Continuous internal assessment of Practicals …………            20 Marks

2.  Mid-Sem practical Test …………………………………         20 Marks

3.  Record assessment ………………………………………         10 Marks

4.  End-semester Practical examination …………………..           50 Marks

  (Viva voce –10 marks; Performing experiment –  40 marks)      

                                 TOTAL                                                100 Marks

This course is aimed at creating awareness among the undergraduate students about the role of chemistry in day- to- day life. To learn more about cosmetics, their ingredients and other common chemicals used in daily life. This will help in selecting the appropriate products from the wide range available in the market. This will also develop in them, a sense of judicious use of cosmetics and other chemicals and also enhancement of self-esteem through proper grooming.

Introduction to cosmetic chemistry

Introduction to cosmetic chemistry

Introduction to cosmetic chemistry

Composition and property: Demonstration of Preparation of cold creams and vanishing cream

Composition and property: Demonstration of Preparation of cold creams and vanishing cream

Composition and property: Demonstration of Preparation of cold creams and vanishing cream

Composition and how they work       

Composition and how they work       

Composition and how they work       

Ccomposition and cleansing action, Demonstration of Preparation of a mouthwash, tooth powder and tooth paste                  

Ccomposition and cleansing action, Demonstration of Preparation of a mouthwash, tooth powder and tooth paste                  

Ccomposition and cleansing action, Demonstration of Preparation of a mouthwash, tooth powder and tooth paste                  

Composition and properties Demonstration of Preparation of an aftershave lotion and shaving cream

Composition and properties Demonstration of Preparation of an aftershave lotion and shaving cream

Composition and properties Demonstration of Preparation of an aftershave lotion and shaving cream

Composition and their action Demonstration of Preparation of shampoos

Composition and their action Demonstration of Preparation of shampoos

Composition and their action Demonstration of Preparation of shampoos

Composition and function Demonstration of  Preparation of face powders          

Composition and function Demonstration of  Preparation of face powders          

Composition and function Demonstration of  Preparation of face powders          

Demonstration of Preparation of lipsticks  

Demonstration of Preparation of lipsticks  

Demonstration of Preparation of lipsticks  

Composition and cleansing action

Composition and cleansing action

Composition and cleansing action

Composition and working

Composition and working

Composition and working

[2].  John Suchocki Conceptual Chemistry, 2^nd Ed.Pearson Education. Inc. 2003

[3].John W. Hill, Doris K. Kolb Chemistry for changing times, 9^th Ed. 2004

[2].  John Suchocki Conceptual Chemistry, 2^nd Ed.Pearson Education. Inc. 2003

[3].John W. Hill, Doris K. Kolb Chemistry for changing times, 9^th Ed. 2004

 This course is designed to foster a deep understanding of the quality of water and soil while instilling a sense of social responsibility and commitment to environmental stewardship.

Importance of water and soil analysis - the critical role of water and soil in ecosystems and human activities, significance in environmental sustainability, agriculture, and public health.Relevant regulations and standards governing water and soil quality, and the importance of these regulations for environmental protection. Overview of the various techniques used in water and soil analysis.Water Sampling and Preservation -Collection techniques for samples: Procedures for gathering water samples from various sources and for diverse analytical parameters. Preservation methods for water samples from different sources and various sample types.

Importance of water and soil analysis - the critical role of water and soil in ecosystems and human activities, significance in environmental sustainability, agriculture, and public health.Relevant regulations and standards governing water and soil quality, and the importance of these regulations for environmental protection. Overview of the various techniques used in water and soil analysis.Water Sampling and Preservation -Collection techniques for samples: Procedures for gathering water samples from various sources and for diverse analytical parameters. Preservation methods for water samples from different sources and various sample types.

Importance of water and soil analysis - the critical role of water and soil in ecosystems and human activities, significance in environmental sustainability, agriculture, and public health.Relevant regulations and standards governing water and soil quality, and the importance of these regulations for environmental protection. Overview of the various techniques used in water and soil analysis.Water Sampling and Preservation -Collection techniques for samples: Procedures for gathering water samples from various sources and for diverse analytical parameters. Preservation methods for water samples from different sources and various sample types.

Advanced water quality parameters- heavy metal content, pesticides and organic compounds, microplastic content, microbiological analysis- their significance and principles of analytical methods used to quantify them.

Advanced water quality parameters- heavy metal content, pesticides and organic compounds, microplastic content, microbiological analysis- their significance and principles of analytical methods used to quantify them.

Advanced water quality parameters- heavy metal content, pesticides and organic compounds, microplastic content, microbiological analysis- their significance and principles of analytical methods used to quantify them.

Determination of soil nutrient content: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium identification of heavy metal contamination through spectrophotometric methods. Interpretation of soil and water analysis Data-Data analysis techniques, Interpretation of the data, checking the accuracy of data, Reporting of soil and water analysis data.

Determination of soil nutrient content: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium identification of heavy metal contamination through spectrophotometric methods. Interpretation of soil and water analysis Data-Data analysis techniques, Interpretation of the data, checking the accuracy of data, Reporting of soil and water analysis data.

Determination of soil nutrient content: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium identification of heavy metal contamination through spectrophotometric methods. Interpretation of soil and water analysis Data-Data analysis techniques, Interpretation of the data, checking the accuracy of data, Reporting of soil and water analysis data.

2.     Water quality monitoring: A practical guide to the design and implementation of freshwater quality studies and monitoring programs Bartram J, Ballance World Health Organization, United Nations Environment Programme,1996.

3.     Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science, Clair N. Sawyer, Perry L. McCarty, and Gene F. Parkin, McGraw-Hill Education, 2003.

4.     Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis by M.R. Carter and E.G. Gregorich, CRC Press, 2007

5. Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual, Edited by KI Peverill, LA Sparrow, DJ Reuter, CSIRO Publishing, 1999 

• To expose learners to a variety of texts to interact with
• To help learners classify ideologies and be able to express the same
• To expose learners to visual texts and its reading formulas
• To help learners develop a taste to appreciate works of literature through the organization of language
• To help develop critical thinking
• To help learners appreciate literature and the language nuances that enhances its literary values

• To help learners understand the relationship between the world around them and the text/literature
• To help learners negotiate with content and infer meaning contextually
• To help learners understand logical sequencing of content and process information

·         To help improve their communication skills for larger academic purposes and vocational purposes

·         To enable learners to learn the contextual use of words and the generic meaning

·         To enable learners to listen to audio content and infer contextual meaning

·         To enable learners to be able to speak for various purposes and occasions using context specific language and expressions

·         To enable learners to develop the ability to write for various purposes using suitable and precise language.

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing

• 1. The Happy Prince- Oscar Wilde
• 2. Sonnet 18- William Shakespeare

Common errors- subject-verb agreement, punctuation, tense errors  Just a minute talk, cubing